Economic And Terrorism Affect In India Tourism Essay
By geographical area, India is the world 7th largest country, the 2nd most populous country with total population of 1,198,003,000 and most populous democratic in the world. India is bordered by Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Republic of China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.
India is the country of Indus Valley Civilization and its region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. India is a country, which consisting of 28 states and seven union territories with a parliamentary system of democracy. India is the world 12th largest economy and it is 4th largest economy in purchasing power. Indian economy is growing very fast in Asia, But still it suffer in high level of poverty, illiteracy, disease, and malnutrition. The world four major religions are Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originate in India. While the other religions, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the first millennium CE and marked the region’s diverse culture. India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence against British rule Government.
Source Wikipedia
With an average annual GDP growth rate of 5.8% form the last two decades, the Indian economy is considers the fastest growing economy in the world. India has the world’s 2nd largest labor force, with 516.3 million people. In terms of output, the Indian agricultural sector accounts for 28%, the service Sector 54% and industrial sectors make up18% of its total GDP. India is famous in Major agricultural products include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry; fish the major industries of India, include textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transport equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software. India’s trade has reached a relatively moderate share 24% of GDP in 2006, which is
up from 6% in 1985. The share of India in world trade has reached 1%. Major exports include petroleum products, textile goods, gems and jewelry, software, engineering goods, chemicals, leather manufactures. Major imports include crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, and chemicals. Because of
Diverse culture Indian hospitality and tourism is growing very fast.
The significance of this sector can be well understood not only by its international dynamic identity but also by the contribution it makes to the economy. In Strategic planning of India, it seem that government of India is trying to reduce its dependence on the other sectors and the government trying to more commercialise its hospitality and tourism sector. India is determined to capitalize on its assets like climate, culture, location; deserts, beaches, resorts and it have marvellous architecture by selling the property to foreigners. All these measures are to fascinate the foreign investors which will bring foreign exchange which will not only help sustain the current economic growth but will also allow the expansion of the booming economy by taking it to higher levels.
As Indian economy is growing in the world, India is getting famous for the holidays destination. According to the ministry of India, there is about 1980, registered, star hotel with the total rooms of 1, 10,000. Many of the Indian peoples are indirectly related to the hospitality sector, For example, In summer season when the people go for the visit of Himalayas mountains, so if they need accommodation most of the people of that local area will offer them to stay in their house which was one way to earn the money of that people.
The hospitality and welcoming, which Indian gives to their guests, is one of the features of the Indian culture. Its something compliment which Indian peoples get from their guests/tourists.
In India, there are a lot of attractive places that attract the tourists towards themselves. Some of them are given below,
Taj Mehal (hot destination of India)
Humayun’s Tomb
Chokhi Dhani
Jaisalmer, the city of the golden fort
Varkala Beach
Shekhawati
Mussoorie Municipal garden
Nainital Naina Devi temple
Shimla beautiful hill station
Manali beautiful hill resort
WHERE HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM STAND IN INDIA?
India still has the potential for hospitality development: HICSA 2009
Now a days India is counted as the hottest destination for the travel and tourism. Because tourists are getting more facilities in cheap cost which is making more attractive for foreigner in this recession? India is the Home to the Indus Valley Civilization and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires. After the 1991, as the growth of India is increasing people are traveling there which is increasing the hospitality sector of India. From the last ten years the government of India is fully focus on the hospitality sector because its have lot of potential in it.
Between 1997-98 and now, the number of hotel rooms in the country has gone up from 58,000 to over 78,000 in the approved category and one and half times that number in the unapproved category. Many of the international companies are investing money in the hospitality sector of the India. In 2008, the world biggest hotel company NOVATEL announced about 12 hotel project in India which show that how the growth of Indian hospitality is growing. Inn India there is many companies, which are running luxury 5 star hotels some of the names are given below,
Hotel India group
Taj hotels group
ITC group
Welcome Group etc
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Globalisation opens a new ways for the hospitality and tourism. Because of globalisation, many of the international companies are investing money in India, In September 2008, a UK based Intercontinental hotel group (IHG) announced to open 20 hotels in India major cities. The newly planned project is supposed to get executed within the next two to three years. The developers assigned for the construction of these hotels include MGM-Emaar, Eros and Today. According to the chief operator Mr Jan Smith that India has the potential to generate tremendous growth opportunities in luxury hotels
segment. The Group has planned to set up the modernist project under brand names of Intercontinental Hotels and Resorts, Crowne Plaza Hotels and Resorts and Holiday Inns and Resorts.
Particulars
Tourist arrival (Millions No.)
Forex Earning
($ Millions)
August 2006
0.35
456.76
August 2007
0.38
459.33
Growth (Percentage)
8.33
44.35
April-August 2006
1.48
2242.26
April-August 2007
1.64
2891.75
Growth (Percentage)
10.81
28.97
Source: CRISIL RESEARCH
As hospitality is increasing government investing more budget in it which is giving life to the hospitality sector of India.
Year
Budget Estimate
(Rs Millions)
Actual Expenditure
(Rs Millions)
2003-04
3,250
3,500
2004-05
5,000
5,000
2005-06
7,860
7,860
2006-07
8,300
8,300
2007-08
9,000
9,300
Source: CRISIL RESEARCH
The hospitality and tourism sector generate Rs.604.32 billions in 2006-07.which show how this sector is becoming more significant in India. A below chart is showing how the demand of room supply in India is increase.
Names of city
Existing Supply
Proposed supply
Increase over 5 years
Development of supply
Luxury
1st Class
Mid Market
Budget
Agra
1336
384
28.70%
69%
–
–
37.50%
62.50%
Ahmadabad
519
462
89.00%
48%
–
32.50%
15.60%
51.90%
Bangalore
1906
7794
408.90%
55%
32.10%
16.70%
37.00%
14.20%
Chennai
2075
4407
212.40%
36%
28.00%
38.00%
23.10%
10.90%
Delhi
7030
10856
154.00%
74%
24.80%
27.00%
38.20%
10.00%
Goa
2252
2632
116.90%
18%
12.40%
43.60%
25.60%
18.40%
Hyderabad
1442
7408
513.70%
57%
25.40%
34.40%
21.30%
18.80%
Jaipure
1293
2770
213.40%
42%
11.70%
36.30%
26.00%
26.60%
Kolkata
1354
2465
182.00%
61%
11.20%
29.40%
49.70%
9.70%
Mumbai
7402
9318
125.90%
36%
30.80%
28.90%
26.70%
13.60%
Other Cities
8056
6870
85.30%
47%
3.90%
18.60%
24.00%
53.50%
Source: HVS International
In the promotion of travel and tourism Ministry for tourism in India is trying to provide security and fully information about Indian registered hotel and agents that is very useful for the international tourists.
From the last ten years as the trend is changing India because education level is increasing and the life style of the people is changing, which is helping in the growth of catering sector India. After the 2000 the consumption of fast food is increasing in India. This is increasing the attraction of fast food companies in India. In 2008 McDonald announce to open 20 more McDonald in India, which is showing how the hospitality sector is growing very fast.
ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY
The Hospitality Industry in one of the largest industry in the international business environment. The international hospitality industry is characterized by an industry structure composed of a relatively small number of large multinational enterprises (MNE) and a large number of locally operated small-and medium -sized enterprises (SME). Geographically the industry is very widespread and dispersed, from metropolitan cities to remote rural areas.
THE ROLE OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY IN ASIA
Asia is the largest continent of the whole world. It covers about 30% of the total world’s landmass, and 44 countries in the continent of Asia. Japan, Thailand, China, Korea, India and Pakistan are the top countries; here we will discuss the role of hospitality and tourism industry on that countries and economic influences on that country.
The hospitality tourism industry is now changing fast in Asia, before that Asia is the backpackers place but a new destination has been explored and the local tourism industry needs to move fast now a day for the reasons to invite the tourists in the whole world and to develop the economy’s of Asia, but the last few years the trend has been changed, now that international tourist generally look for something different while they want to travel and choosing their destinations. Now Asia looking more and more likes the West every year, with the same skyscrapers, modernity and comforts. Now a day the crisis recedes, but the hospitality and tourism market increasing day by day and the Asian tourists realize that the Asian destinations is cheaper and easier to get to than traditional Europe Americas destinations.
THE HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Hospitality and Tourism industry’s of India has reached new heights today. Travels agents are looking India as a more profitable market and interests in the country and investment their to upgrading of the hospitality sector. The economy of India has reached a height of 5.7 billion us dollars because the visiting of foreigners 3.92 million. India is expensive huge amount of money on football because it is a favourite vacation destination of foreigners.
It is boom time for India’s Tourism and Hospitality sector. A 5000 year history, culture, religion and alternative medicine fascinate both budget and luxury travels alike. In 2005 a record 3.92 million foreign visitors arrived in India resulting in international tourism receipts of USD 5.7 billion.
In India we can see the different types of tourism which promote the hospitality in the country in which history tourism, adventure tourism, medical tourism, spiritual tourism and beach tourism.
The Tourism department resolves in promoting India hospitality and tourism industry has a strengthened as it recognizes its potential, it’s a third largest foreign exchange earner, accounting for 2.5 percent of GDP. The hospitality and tourism industry makes a direct contribution to the country economy in agriculture, horticulture, handicrafts and construction. In 2003/2004 the outlay on tourism development RS. 35000 reached RS 7860 million in 2005/2006.
The Indian tourism has not performed like the international global tourism in terms of growth but performed quite well for last couple of years, therefore the World Travel and Tourism Council is looking the India Tourism industry one of the fastest growing tourism industry for the next 10 to 15 years along with China. The Travel & Tourism Industry contributes 2.1 percent to India’s GDP and the employed estimated 24349000 people in 2006.
India Hospitality Corporation’s mission to make the best policy and focus it successfully to operate Indian business and assets in the hospitality and tourism industry in hospitality, leisure, tourism and travel. IHC raised about 103 million dollar in an IPO in August 2006.
In December 2007 Hayground Cove and Navis Capital jointly invested US $28 million of additional capital in IHC and further more bring their total invested capital to US $56 million.
Hospitality and Tourism is widely spread in India and it is one of the fastest growing sectors. The grow rate of that industry expected 8% between 2007 and 2016. Many international hotels already working there in which Sheraton, Hyatt, Radisson, Meridien, Four Seasons Regent, and Marriott and also established and are still expanding on hospitality and tourism industry. Indian is an ideal destination for tourists, approximately 4.4 million tourists visit India every year.
WHICH FACTORS ARE HELPING IN THE GROWTH OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM
DESTINATION OF INDIA
In India there are a lot of destination which are attracting the tourist towards it self, which are giving below,
TAJ MEHAL
Taj Mehal is one of the hottest favourite destinations in the India, Which is the one of the wonders of the ancient world. Taj Mehal is a mausoleum located in Agra, India, built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Taj Mehal building began around 1632 and was completed around 1653, and employed thousands of artisans and craftsmen. Taj mehal is used as the icon of India tourism. Every year thousand of international tourist travel to India to visit Taj mehal.
Taj mehal In India
DELHI
Delhi is one of the most attractive in India because Delhi city is full with many historic places, which is great attraction for the local and international tourist. Humayun’s Tomb (1586), the Qutab Minar, Red Fort is more famous places which are playing more significant role to attract the tourist towards it self. Government invest millions of dollars in the attraction and for the infrastructure of Delhi city.
Delhi Red fort
JAIPUR
Jaipur is one of the India historic places and it could be compared to a vast open-air museum. The speciality of this city is that Camel buggies and elephants are commonly found as motorcars and buses in Jaipure. Jaipur, popularly known as Pink city, which was built in 1727 AD in accordance with Shilp Shastra – an ancient Hindu treatise on architecture. Jaipur is a shopper’s Paradise. In Jaipur CHOKHI DHANI is the outskirts of the city where an ethnic village atmosphere is memorise every evening with thousands of oil lamps, folk dancers, acrobats, snake charmers, puppeteers, which are playing more attraction in the visit of this city.
Hawa Mehal in Jaipur
VARKALA BEACH
Varkala beach is located 54 Km north of Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala. Varkala beach is counted as very important Hindu centre of pilgrimage. In Varkala beach there’s a high rocky cliff, which ends immediately and extend of clear sand extends down to the sea, which makes Varkala beach an outstanding sight for the tourists. Varkala beach is famous as Papanashini. Hindu believers dip in the holy water of Varkala beach and purify their body and soul, washing out all their sins.
Every year tourists from the all over India and abroad visit this place as it is counts holy place in India.
VARKALA BEACH
TRIVANDRUM
Trivandrum is the capital of Indian state of Kerala and is also known as Thiruvanathapuram and City of Holy Serpent. It is a first step to one of the most stimulating backwater travel destination in south India. The clean and green known as the city of the thousand-headed Anatha, the holy serpent, which lord Vishnu reclines.
The area can be divided into two parts one is geographical regions and the second is midlands and the lowlands. The midland area comprises small hills and valleys nearby the Ghats. The lowland is a slight stretch comprising shorelines, rivers and deltas, spotted with coconut palms. The biggest fresh water lake in the city is a Vellayani lake, but the main rivers that flow through the city are the Karamana resorts.
Trivandrum city has also the great contributed in the economy of Thiruvananthapuram because of tourism. The foreign tourists generally use it as a heart to explore the well promoted tourism industry of Kerala. In ranking Trivandrum is first in the number of foreign tourists visiting in Kerala and it is also a main destination for chartered flights.
The area can be divided into two parts one is geographical regions and the second is midlands and the lowlands. The midland area comprises small hills and valleys bordering the Ghats. The lowland is a narrow stretch comprising shorelines, rivers and deltas, spotted with coconut palms. The biggest fresh water lake in the city is a Vellayani lake, but the main rivers that flow through the city are the Karamana resorts.
Trivandrum city has also the great contributed in the economy of Thiruvananthapuram because of tourism. The foreign tourists generally use it as a hub to explore the highly promoted tourism industry of Kerala. In ranking Trivandrum is first in the number of foreign tourists visiting in Kerala and it is also a main destination for chartered flights.
MANALI
Manali, Himachal Pradesh is the Kullu district near the northern end of the Kullu Valley. It is an important hill station in the mountains of Himachal Pradesh. The small town was the beginning of an ancient trade route and area is known as the great significance to Indian culture and heritage and also the said of Seven Sages.
Manali is one of the popular destinations of Himalayan tourist and accounts for nearly a quarter of all tourist arrivals. The weather condition of Manali is cold and therefore the atmosphere provides a great contrast to hot Indian summers.
Manali is mostly famous in adventure sports in which skiing, hiking, mountaineering, paragliding, mountain biking and ete. Hot springs, Tibetan Buddhist and religious shrines offered it. Manali also featured in Time magazine’s “Best of Asia” for its “Extreme Yak Sports”.
Manali has become the one of the favourite destination of India in honeymooners last year. Calculation show that worth 550 couples reaches Manali for honeymoon in season (May, June, December, January) every day and 350 couples daily in rest time.
Nagger Fort, Pala Empire, Hidimba Devi Temple, Rohtang Pass, Solang valley and Manikaran if more of the interesting places of Manali.
Hampi
Hampi was the last capital of Vijayanagar, one of the most Hindu Kingdoms in the India’s history. It is a laid back village and really attractive ruins, mysteriously intermingled with large boulders that rear up all over the place. Hampi is located in the central of Karnataka, about 350 km from Bangalore. Hampi festival held in the first week of November in every year, and also holds a Pruandaradasa Aradhana (the name of poet who lived in Hampi)
Classic music festival in January and February every year to celebrate the birthday of poet. In largest religious festival holds in March and April.
Khajuraho Temples
Khajuraho is the place of proof to originate the Kama Sutra in India. Erotica abounds here with over 20 temples devoted to sexuality and sex. Khajuraho is the best known for their erotic sculptures, but to show a celebration of love, life and worship. They also provide and uninhibited peek into ancient Hindu faith and Tantric. Only ones in 10th and 11th century, 85 temples constructed during this time.
It is most easily for the tourists to reach their by train, and the new Khajuraho-jhanse Link express train service. Classic dance festival is held at the Chitragupta Temple complex in Khajuraho in February and early March. Actually it is a classical dance festival, including Kathak, Bharat Natyam, Odissi, Kuchipudi, Manipuri and Kathakali. The dance groups from all over India came there to performance various classic styles of Indian dance. A large arts and crafts fair is also held during the festival.
Ajanta and Ellora Caves
Amazingly fixed into hillside astound in the middle of nowhere are the Ajanta and Ellora caves. In Ellora there are 34 caves dating from between the 6th and 11th centuries AD, and in Ajanta 29 caves dating back to between the 2nd century BC and 6th century AD, and rich in paintings and sculpture. The Ellora caves created by hand, with only a hammer and chisel.
The four day festival in the last week of November every year, held at Soneri Mahal (Golden Palace), historic 17th century architectural marvel in Aurangabad near Ellora. The features of that festival are some of the most distinguished singers and dancers of India.
Fatehpur Sikri
Fatehpur Sikri was once the superior capital of the Mughal Empire in the 16th century now stands deserted as a well preserved ghost town. After only the 15 years it was abandoned by its occupants due to insufficient water supply. When somebody will go there, they can almost feel their self being transported back to medieval times here.
Fatehpur Sikri is full of regal palaces and courtyards, including four main buildings in which Buland Darwaza, Fatehpur Sikri Fort, Tomb of Salim Chishti, and the Panch Mahal. The best visited time during the cooler dry weather from November to March.
Golden Temple
Guru Ram Das, the fourth guru of Sikhs founded Amritsar in 1577. It is the religious capital of the Sikhs and gained its name, meaning “Holy Pool of Nectar” from the body of water around the Golden Temple.
Golden Temple is the Sikh shrine attracts pilgrims from all over the world. Sikh came there to pay there respects and do voluntary service. On the festival of Golden Temple major celebrations are organized including bhangra dancing, folk music and fairs. Guru Nanak Jayanti is the other festivals of Amritsar held in November.
Hospitality and Tourism Industry in Rajasthan
Rajasthan is the most popular and charming place of India in all over the world. It is one of the best places in the world where the tourists of all over the world visited there. Every year the tourists came there from all over the world to enjoy holiday in splendour. It is one of the ideal places for the couple to enjoy their honeymoon. The reason of attraction is that the place is gifted with rich culture, timeless monuments, colourful, festival, wildlife parks etc, when all these attractions combines together to give a glorious look to this desert state.
The block prints, tie and dye prints, bagaru prints, sanganer prints in the traditional of the Rajasthan’s colourful art. The major export products of Rajasthan are Zari embroidery. There are so many attractive items like handicraft items in wooden furniture, carports and blue pottery. The lot of mirror work on the Rajasthani clothes. Rajasthan is a shoppers’ paradise with a lot of beautiful goods but in cheap prices. The female dress comprises an ankle length skirt and a short top, is also known as a chaniya choli.
Rajasthan is also known for the magnificent forts, intricately carved temples and painted havelis which were built by kings in past. The true architectural heritage of India is Jantar Manter, Dilwara Temples, Chittorgarh Fort, Lake Palace Hotel, and Jaisalmer Havelis. Rajasthani furniture has intricate carvings and light colours and the demand of handicrafts because the intricate work on them.
Deepawali, Holi, Gangaur, Teej, Gogaji, Makar Sankrante and Janmashtame are the main religious festivals of India. Rahasthan’s desert festival is celebrated with great zest and zeal and held in winter once a yeat. The people of the desert dance and sing haunting ballads of valor, romance and tragedy. In festival there are fairs with snake charmers, and folk performers. Camels, no doubt play a stellar role in this festival.
MEDICAL TOURISM IN INDIA
Medical tourism of India is very famous in all over the World because of heart surgery, knee transplant, cosmetic surgery and dental care. Although India is a developing country but if we compare the medical facilities with the developed country in which USA, UK, and Europe, Indian medical is cheap because of its best hospitals, treatment centres with the best facilities and infrastructure and technology. There for the government looking to encourage a budding trade in medical tourism, and make the policies in medical tourism, selling foreigners the idea of travelling in a low-cost but with the best world-class medical tourism.
ADVENTURE TOURISM IN INDIA
India has some most unexpected and geographically diverse terrains in which forests, mountains, beaches, deserts and more in the world. In the last few years India has become famous in hot spots for adventure tours or activity, there are based to offer the holidays in both Indian traveller and international travellers with world-class facilities for the action and thrills that a tourist or traveller wants.
The Adventure Sports and Adventure Spot of India are given below which have a great attraction for the tourists in all over the world and promote the hospitality and tourism in India.
Adventure Sports
Trekking
Mountaineering
Backwaters
River Rafting
Safaris
Polo
Water Sports
Aero Sports
Adventure Hotspots
Goa
Kerala
Uttaranchal
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Jammu And Kashmir
Assam
Sikkim
Hotels in India
Hotels are also an important tool for hospitality and tourism industry, if a country has the good tourism policy but not to mention their hospitality and accommodation policy in their planning then it will create the bad image of that country, therefore it is very important for a country to provide the best hospitality facilities for the international people.
In recent years the hotels industry of India is growing fact. Hotels in India classified into seven categories in which (five star deluxe, five star, four stat, three star, two star, one star and heritage hotels)
International Tourist Traffic
Increased the CAGR of 5.5percent in India the foreign tourist came 2.29 in 1996 and 3.92 million in 2005. According to data receive from the major airports in India the number of foreign tourist was 5.37 million in 2008, higher 5.7% as compared to 5.08 million the last year.
The main fact of this development is
The strong GDP growth
The contribution of private sector
The interest of foreign investment
Good relationship with the other developed world
Development of infrastructure
Attractive advertisement from media
Outsourcing emergency hub
Related with other tourism promotion measures
India ‘s growing recognition as an exciting place to visit
The top main features of the Indian hotel industry is
ITC Hotels
The Taj Hotels Resorts & Places
Oberoi Hotels
Asian Hotels Ltd.
Hotel Corporation of India
ITDC Hotels
The hotel industry cane be classified into four sector
5 Stars and 5 Stars Deluxe
These hotels are considering the business travellers and foreign tourists, and mainly situated in the business districts in big cities and account for about 30% of the industry.
Heritage Hotels
These types of hotels are less capital expenditure and affordability and include running hotels in palaces, castles, forts, hunting lodges, etc.
Budget Hotels
Budget Hotels have the limited luxury service, and characterized by special seasonal offers and good services. The main purpose of that hotel to provide the low accommodations price for the domestic travels.
Unclassified
Low-priced hotels spread throughout the country; main function is to provide low pricing policy. The contribution of that hotel in the economic of industry is about 13%.
Name of international Hotels working in India
Sheraton Hotel
Hyatt Hotel
Radisson Hotel
Meridien Hotel
Marriott Hotel
Holiday Inn
Hilton Metropolis
International Tourist Traffic
Tour Operator’s Role in Hospitality & Tourism Industry
Tour operator play an important role in hospitality and tourism industry, a tour operator makes the travel and tour components to create a holiday. The main purpose of the tour operator’s product would be to arrange the flight, plus pick and drop service from airport to hotel and a service of a local representative.
Tour operator’s of India have a great contribute to present the culture in the world and introduce the hospitality and tourism industry in a very attractive way. The name of some tours operator is given below who have made some tour packages for the tourist.
Special Interest Tours
Gujarat Tours
South India Tour
Kerala Tours
North India Tour
East India Tour
Pilgrimage Tours
Wildlife Tours of India
Terrorism Effect on Hospitality and Tourism Industry
Today terrorism is one of the biggest issues in all over the world. Every country faces this major problem beca
